Debugging Generic IOC Builds#

This tutorial is a continuation of Create a Generic IOC. Here we will look into debugging failed builds of Generic IOCs.

For the most part the recommended workflow is to always be working inside of a developer container. We always use a Generic IOC as the base for our developer containers. But what if the build of the Generic IOC fails, then you don’t have a container to work in and need some other way to debug the build.

There are two ways to debug such a failed build:

Keep changing the Dockerfile and rebuilding the container until the build succeeds. This is the simplest approach and is often sufficient since our Dockerfile design maximizes the use of the build cache.
Investigate the build failure by running a shell inside the partially-built container and retrying the failed command. This is particularly useful if you are fixing something early in the Dockerfile that causes a failure much later in the build. This type of failure is tedious to debug using the first approach above.

In this tutorial we will look debugging the build from inside the container.

Break the Build#

Let us break the build of our ioc-lakeshore340 project in the last tutorial. Open the the file ioc-lakeshore340/ibek-support/StreamDevice/install.sh. Comment out the apt-install line like this:

# ibek support apt-install libpcre3-dev

Now rebuild the container - do this command from a new terminal outside of the devcontainer:

# for docker users - builkit complicates debugging at present
export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=0
cd ioc-lakeshore340 # where you cloned it
./build

First of all, notice the build cache. The build rapidly skips over all the steps until it gets to the StreamDevice support module. The, cache fails only when you get to COPY ibek-support/StreamDevice/ StreamDevice/ because a file in the source folder has changed.

You should see the build fail with the following error:

../RegexpConverter.cc:27:10: fatal error: pcre.h: No such file or directory
27 | #include "pcre.h"
    |          ^~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.

Investigate the Build Failure#

When a container build fails the container image is created up to the point where the last successful Dockerfile command was run. This means that we can investigate the build failure by running a shell in the container.

scroll up the page until you see the last successful build step e.g.

STEP 14/19: COPY ibek-support/StreamDevice/ StreamDevice/
--> 631291db1751
STEP 15/19: RUN StreamDevice/install.sh 2.8.24
... etc ...

copy the hash of the step you want to debug e.g. 631291db1751 in this case
docker run -it –entrypoint /bin/bash 631291db1751 # (the hash you copied)

Now we have a prompt inside the part-built container and can retry the failed command.

cd /workspaces/ioc-lakeshore340/ibek-support
StreamDevice/install.sh 2.8.24

You should see the same error again.

This is a pretty common type of error when building a new support module. It implies that there is some dependency missing. There is a good chance this is a system dependency, in which case we want to search the Ubuntu repositories for the missing package.

A really good way to investigate this kind of error is with apt-file which is a command line tool for searching Debian packages. apt-file is not currently installed in the devcontainer. So you have two choices:

Install it in the devcontainer - this is temporary and will be lost when the container is rebuilt. Ideal if you don’t have install rights on your workstation.
Install it on your workstation - ideal if you have rights as you only need to install it once.

TODO: consider adding apt-file to the base container developer target.

Whether inside the container or in your workstation terminal, install apt-file like this:

# drop the sudo from the start of the command if using podman
sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt-file

Now we can search for the missing file:

apt-file update
apt-file search pcre.h

There are a few results, but the most promising is:

libpcre3-dev: /usr/include/pcre.h

Pretty much every time you are missing a header file you will find it in a system package with a name ending in -dev.

Now we can install the missing package in the container and retry the build:

apt-get install -y libpcre3-dev
StreamDevice/install.sh 2.8.24

You should find the build succeeds. But this is not the whole story. There is another line in install.h that I added to make this work:

ibek support add-config-macro ${NAME} PCRE_LIB /usr/lib/x86_64gnu

This added a macro to CONFIG_SITE.linux-x86_64.Common that tells the Makefiles to add an extra include path to the compiler command line. working out how to do this is a matter of taking a look in the Makefiles. But the nice thing is that you can experiment with things inside the container and get them working without having to keep rebuilding the container.

Note that ibek support add-config-macro is idempotent, so you can run it multiple times without getting repeated entries in the CONFIG. All ibek commands behave this way as far as possible.

Once you are happy with your manual changes you can make them permanent by adding to the install.sh or Dockerfile, then try a full rebuild.

Tools Inside the Container#

You will find that the developer container includes busybox tools, vim and ifconfig. These should provide enough tools to investigate and fix most build problems. You are also free to use apt-get to install any other tools you need as demonstrated above. (type busybox to see the list of available tools).